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Principle 16 of 25

The People Have the Right to Alter or Abolish a Government That Becomes Destructive

Whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it.

Declaration of Independence, 1776

The Principle

"Whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it." — Declaration of Independence. Freedom survives when people unite with courage and fairness to resist harmful power.

Why It Matters

This is the ultimate accountability mechanism. The Declaration does not say the people may petition, or protest, or vote in a new party. It says they may alter or abolish the government itself when it fails its fundamental purpose. The right to revolution is the right that guarantees all others.

The Founders understood that this right is not an invitation to anarchy. It is a last resort, to be exercised only when a 'long train of abuses' demonstrates that the government has become fundamentally destructive. The Constitution provides peaceful mechanisms for change — elections, amendments, the courts — precisely so that the revolutionary option remains unnecessary.

The Question

What would a government have to do before you believed the people had the right to change it fundamentally?

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Common Sense

Article V

Discussion Questions

For families, classrooms, and book clubs

  1. 1

    What did the Founders mean by the right to 'alter or abolish' government?

  2. 2

    How does the Constitution provide peaceful ways to change government?

  3. 3

    When is it justified for citizens to demand fundamental change?